Williams service department, york division, borgwarner corporation figure 26f04 also shows refrigerant flow on cooling cycle. Vaporcompression refrigeration, in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for airconditioning of buildings and automobiles. The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system. It isnt a complete description by any means, but it is designed to assist a new technician or hvacr apprentice in understanding the fundamentals. The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. This section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working, parts of system, advantages, and disadvantages introduction. There is no time limit for this test but it is not an open book test. This article gives details about the functions of the compressor, discharge line, and condenser. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. Consider a twostage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 0. As refrigerant in the latent state or as vapor refrigerant in the process of changed state to liquid, this is the phase where it absorbs or rejects large quantities of heat.
Download training catalog pdf iconnect training provides a line of sophisticated training units that greatly aide in the teaching of heating, ventiliation, air conditioning and refrigeration. Figure 15 refrigeration cycle on the ph diagram take the structure image of this refrigeration cycle from figure 15, it becomes the ph diagram for engineering calculation as shown in figure 16. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that its temperature is lower than that of its surroundings.
This is a basic overview of the refrigeration circuit and how it works. Basic principles most of us have some ideas concerning the purpose of refrigeration and what refrigeration does. Saturation curve this curve represents what state vapor or liquid and region subcooled, latent heat, and superheat the refrigerant is in. The purpose of this section is to provide a basic understanding of heat pump theory and a more practical.
For this reason, all air conditioners use the same cycle of compression, condensation. Refrigerant flow of heat pump will reverse on heating cycle when a t. Feel free to copy this refrigeration cycle diagram and print it out. Basic refrigeration fundamentals covers basic concepts and theories of refrigeration as well as safe working procedures. Altogether too much mystery has surrounded operations of the heat pump cycle, and as a result the average refrigeration service engineer has little knowledge of what goes on within these units. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle involves four components. The units demonstrate a variety of skills ranging from simple concepts to advanced troubleshooting and servicing techniques. Pressureenthalpy chart pdf heat content btu chart heat transfer handout pdf. When refrigerant absorbs the unwanted heat, this raises the refrigerants temperature saturation. Gases give off heat when changed from gas to liquid. Basic refrigeration cycle fundamental refrigeration. Refrigerant may be classified as fluid, since, within the refrigeration cycle, it exists both as a liquid and as a vapor or gas. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle, step by step. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an.
For an air conditioning system to operate with economy, the refrigerant must be used repeatedly. Thermodynamics of the refrigeration cycle basic knowledge thermodynamics of the refrigeration cycle h 1 h 4 cop h 2 h 1 name fc r4a fc r404a fc r407a nh 3 r717 isobutane r600a co 2 r744 boiling temperature ts 26c ts 47. The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. Each stage operates on an ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant4a as the working fluid. Sep 10, 2016 the refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is nearly 200 years old, but it does not seem ready to leave the scene any time soon. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. Jun 02, 2005 this is another in a series of articles addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration cycle animation vapor compression cycle explained. The ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful.
It includes an introduction to osha, the laws of thermodynamics, pressure and temperature relationships, heat transfer, the refrigeration cycle, refrigerant identification and types of ac systems. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. Top refrigeration and air conditioning question and answers. A textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning simple.
This cogitation is to base on idea simple cycle with no losses. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration cycle one of the. Th movement cooling by the removal of heat the movement of heat from a place where it is notot a ted to a wanted to a. Fluid is any substance that can flow, liquid or gas. The fan on the condenser blows the heat out over the condenser coil, then the high pressure vapor will.
This is an introductory course for operators with little or no knowledge of the subject matter, or for those wishing to refresh their knowledge. Refrigeration an introduction to the basics danfoss. Jan 11, 2018 basic vapor compression cycle, the carnot cyclefour main elements are required to complete the basic refrigeration cycle, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device expansion valve in this case, and an evaporator, all labeled below in the system diagram along with connecting components. If you are interested in learning how a refrigeration system works, it is helpful to understand from the ph pressure. Some basic refrigeration cycles are discussed here through different diagrams.
Basic vapor compression cycle, the carnot cyclefour main elements are required to complete the basic refrigeration cycle, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device expansion valve in this case, and an evaporator, all labeled below in the system diagram along. Around the corner how differential steering works 1937. Natural gas plants, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical plan. Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. Since refrigeration deals entirely with the removal or transfer of heat, some knowledge of the nature and effects of heat is necessary for a clear understanding of the subject. Recovered refrigerant must not fill a jug more than 60% by weight. The illustration above is a consumers understanding of refrigeration. Vapor compression refrigeration system basic, working. Figure shows the components in the cycle and figure 14 shows the basic cycle on the ph diagram. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Heres your chance to see how much of the material in this book you have grasped.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Discover how the refrigeration cycle keeps your produce fresh, and your beverages frosty. Now that you have some basic hvac training on components that make up the refrigeration cycle, lets learn how it actually works. Basic vapor compression cycle, the carnot cyclefour main elements are required to complete the basic refrigeration cycle, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device expansion valve in this case, and an evaporator, all labeled below in the system diagram along with connecting components. The refrigeration cycle collects this heat by sending the refrigerant at a low temperature and pressure into the evaporator within that room. However, in many parts of the refrigeration community it is still practice to use metric units or other. Heat flows in direction of decreasing temperature, i. Intensive properties do not depend on the size of the system e. The third principle is that heat is transferred from one substance to another by one of three basic processes. This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. Basic refrigeration cycle air conditioning heat transfer.
In todays lesson on hvac training i will be covering the refrigeration cycle and the 4 main components that make the cycle work. But before i get into this hvac training i want to go over the three ways that heat can be transferred, and yes there are only 3 ways that heat can be transferred the first one is radiation, this is done by absorption. First of all, did you know that there is no such thing as cold. The compressor discharges high pressure, high temperature vapor through the discharge line the smaller line. In this video we look at how a refrigeration cycle works and use colour coding to see how the temperature and pressure changes throughout a.
The refrigeration cycle explained in plain english. Pdf basic refrigeration cycle find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The basic refrigeration cycle for beginners if you are interested in learning how a refrigeration system works, it is helpful to understand from the ph pressure enthalpy chart perspective. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller, mark r. In this article and the next, we look at components. Part 1 fundamentals of refrigeration part 2 refrigeration system components part 3 the refrigeration load part 4. A refrigeration cycle explained involves the cooling system process of refrigerators and air conditioners. So refrigeration cycle should be known to understand the refrigeration system. Hvac the refrigeration cycle hvac training for beginners. Study 72 terms basic refrigeration questions flashcards. First, lets address some areas of possible confusion the word condenser can mean two different things many in. The temperature at which a fluid boils or condenses is known as the saturation temperature. However, they may expect you to have a much greater indepth. Pdf top refrigeration and air conditioning question and.
Mar 01, 2019 this is a basic overview of the refrigeration circuit and how it works. Refrigeration cycle animation vapor compression cycle. Yeah, it seems complicated at first, but it will be easier to understand. Refrigeration basics 101 1 refrigeration basics 101 by eric nelson 2 basics. Dangerous hydrostatic conditions can occur if a jug is filled 100% full with refrigerant vapour. The course is structured with the more basic and simple content presented first. Ideal basic refrigeration cycle the ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system. Basic refrigeration cycle for watercooled chillers in this tdp, we will explain the refrigeration cycle using components from a centrifugal chiller since that type of chiller is watercooled. Case1 the basics of refrigeration cycle ph diagram analysis. It is a compression process, whose aim is to raise the refrigerant pressure, as it flows from an evaporator. Graphics and animations are used in an attempt to make it easy to understand the concepts involved.
Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. It includes an introduction to osha, the laws of thermodynamics, pressure and temperature relationships, heat transfer, the refrigeration cycle, refrigerant identification and. Multistage compression refrigeration systems contents. Your customers may not need to go beyond this simple understanding of refrigeration. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller professor emeritus state university college at buffalo buffalo, new york mark r. New jugs of refrigerant are shipped from the manufacturer 80% full by weight. To cool the refrigerant down it is passed through the expansion valve, this will reduce the pressure of the refrigerant by. Refrigeration onboard ships marine engineering study. The following temperatures are typical of the standard refrigeration cycle for comfort cooling applications. The basic components of any refrigeration system working on the vapour compression cycle, are the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and the refrigerant fluid which is alternatively vapourized and liquefied during the refrigeration cycle. Basic arena refrigeration ontario recreation facilities. Before we dive in, lets get an understanding of four key concepts. Although each separate part covers a specific area of refrigeration theory and practice, each successive publication presumes a basic understanding of the material presented in the previous sections. The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics.
This is another in a series of articles addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. Ppt refrigeration basics 101 powerpoint presentation. The vapor compression cycle explained is the most common type of system used in refrigeration and air conditioning. Understanding the four key components of the refrigeration system, and how these components interact with one another in the refrigeration cycle is an essential step to both basic and advanced diagnostics. Well discuss the refrigeration cycle using this cycle diagram.
Part 1 this section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. Gas cycle refrigerationdefinition, advantages, disadvantages, types, pdf june, 2019 introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air conditioning, pdf. The highpressure refrigerant flows through a condenserheat exchanger before attaining the initial. If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your device. Questions 11 through 89 not displayed, online exam is not active. Videos you watch may be added to the tvs watch history and. An operator verifies that a condenser water pump is cavitating in a refrigeration system employing r22 refrigerant, what is the most likely cause for this condition. Introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air. While some people have viewed this method as environmentally harmful and inefficient, the cycle is still applicable in the industrial sphere. The points which are required for engineering calculation are from h 1 to h. Basic refrigeration system fundamentals fluids and pressure.
The basic refrigeration cycle explained below involves the following components and respective functions. Jun 25, 2003 illustration of the basic refrigeration cycle. At this stage in the refrigeration cycle, high pressure liquid refrigerant will flow down the liquid line, through a filter drier that is designed to prevent contaminants from flowing through the system, and on to the metering device. Evaporation occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while condensation occurs at a high temperature and high pressure. The course instructors are ice arena practitioners. Zubair latif comsats institute of information technology, lahore 2. Understanding the basic refrigeration cycle diagram also helps us to find subcooled, superheat and to troubleshoot refrigeration processes much easier. Extensive properties depend on the size of the system e,g, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, etc.
Introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air conditioning. Introduction a major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. You can describe something as cold and everyone will know what you mean. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is the most common method used for removing heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level using a mechanical work. Mechanical refrigeration is accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating, and condensing a fixed supply of refrigerant in a closed system. Vapor compression system vapor absorption system the vapor compression cycle is explained in the refrigeration cycle animation video above. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. Liquids absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas. In this booklet the sisystem will be the primary unit system used.
This is often measured at the liquids boiling point. Basic refrigeration cycle free download as pdf file. In this video we look at how a refrigeration cycle works and use colour coding to see how the temperature and pressure changes throughout a system. Understanding the four key components of the refrigeration system, and how these components interact with one another in the refrigeration cycle is an essential step. A simple approach to calculateminimize the refrigeration.
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